Toys That Gender Stereotypes Essays - Play, Toy, Barbie, Tonka, Doll

Toys That Gender Stereotypes To Great of a Toy Toys describe how children should act. Adults expect girls to play with dolls like Barbie and Cabbage Patch dolls. They expect boys to play with action toys such as X-men, GI JOE dolls, and Hot Wheels. This sexually stereotypes a kid, because this is suggesting that they girls to chase after so called cute looking guys at the mall and always be interested in fashion and money. For boys they are expected to be tuff and buff and shed no tears they are the ones with the racecars, and the toys also makes them violent. Toy is a major contributor to sexually stereotype girls and boys. Barbie dolls help stereotype girls by making them the airheads type. Mattel Toy makes the doll with big breast and always a blonde hair doll that always has a boyfriend to the side of her. The always have things that includes with her like with its line of dolls outfits and accessories. For example Mattel toys recently introduced Cool Shoopin Barbie with an unlimited credit limit MasterCard that sings credit approved when run through a tiny toy scanner (Hua 1998) This makes girls want to shop and go out and do things like an older woman. This is showing that girls are suppose to be which the girls are going to want do in the near future. A recent article in the Corvallis Gazette-Times Newspaper demonstrates the stereotypical marketing tactics used by a major toy company, Hasbro. Hasbro is targeting little girls in their marketing by reintroducing the toy My Little Pony and by developing new toys such as the McDonaldland Happy Meal Girl and the Dial-A-Doctor Baby, which includes a cellular phone to call the doctor when baby is sick (Schlank). In a real-life survey made by Oregon State University, they found out that 40% of the respondents said they would buy a toy truck or car as a gift for a little boy. 61% percent answered they would buy a doll as a gift for a little girl. More importantly, the majority of the gifts for boys included activity and/or violence-oriented toys such as legos, games, sporting goods, sling shots, and guns. The gift list for girls included gifts such as stuffed animals, dress-up outfits, toy houses, kitchen sets, and medicine kits. This again shows how the stereotypical gender roles are introduced to children by the toys they interact with, which are introduced by adults. This teaches them that Rachel is learning how to be a good mother. She is learning the importance of nurturing her children, which imp lies that the female role is in the home (Goodman, 52). GI JOE toys are another factor towards sexually stereotyping but this is towards boys. They provide a stereotype by having the toys are have a lot of muscles, they have ruff or mean names. Also when boys tend to play with GI JOE they want to be the good guy who wants to fight crime. Another toy, which is Tonka Construction Kit, it includes tools like a power saw, drill, and screwdriver. This is teaching boys that they have to use their hands instead of thinking. They are the ones who always have to fix up things. Tonka also makes a toy called Tonka Car Kit, this includes tools and car parts that the kids have to connect and try to build a car. This is teaching them that they have to have a fancy car, always add new things to the car, and always have to fix on it. Another toy that contributes to this is an electronic game system called Nintendo, mostly all the games are targeted to boys. They mostly have games that are has violence or sports game. There are very few video games for children so boys play the sports and the fighting games. Toys stereotypes kids in a big way. They represent whom they are and what they are suppose to do. Girls are supposed to be going to the malls and chasing after the guys and are the ones who have to stay home and raise babies. As for as boys they are suppose to be the ones who has to be

Scarlet Letter- Pearl Pyrnne essays

Scarlet Letter- Pearl Pyrnne essays Pearl Prynne, Is She Older Then She Seems Or Just An Elfish Child? See ye not, this is the scarlet letter, only capable of being loved, and so endowed with a millionfold the power of retributation for my sin? (Hawthorne pg. 109) Critics have suggested that Pearl did not always act the way other children might have been known to and I agree with this. Using details from the book, and other resources, the following paragraphs will look further into Pearls social behavior, different moods, and personal relationships with other characters. In The Scarlet Letter, Pearl had no childhood friends. She was born an outcast and even at an early age, seemed to know that she didnt fit in. One example of her maturity in society was If the children gathered about her, as they sometimes did, Pearl would grow positively terrible in her puny wrath, snatching up stones to fling at them. (Hawthorne pg. 90) This action not only showed her defending herself but also protecting her mother. Hester was the town gossip and the outcast as well as Pearl. Since birth, Pearl had sensed she was not supposed to fit in. When children talked to her, she would never talk back, but when she was picked on she wouldnt think twice to hold her ground. Not only was she wise in this way but very independent and strong. You can tell that Pearl was not always well behaved but quite clever. When she was young, she had quite an imagination. After putting her fingers in her mouth, with many ungracious refusals to answer good Mr. Wilsons question, the child finally announced that she had not been made at all, but had been plucked off the bush of wild roses that grew by the prison door. (Hawthorne pg. 108) She was only around three years old here and if you think of your average three year old, Pearl would be quite different by comparison. She might have thought of the Governor as a threat because it was said that sh...

Learn How to Make a Suggestion in English

Learn How to Make a Suggestion in English When you make a suggestion, youre putting forward a plan or an idea for another person to consider. People make suggestions when theyre deciding what to do, offering advice, or helping a visitor. Learning how to make a suggestion is a good way to improve your English conversational skills. If you already know how to tell time, ask for directions, and hold a basic conversation, youre ready to learn how to make a suggestion! Try out this role-play exercise with a friend or classmate to practice. What Shall We Do? In this exercise, two friends are trying to decide what to do for the weekend. By making suggestions, Jean and Chris make a decision that theyre both happy with. See if you can identify where the suggestion is. Jean: Hi Chris, would you like to do something with me this weekend? Chris: Sure. What shall we do? Jean:Â  I dont know. Do you have any ideas? Chris:Â  Why dont we see a film? Jean:Â  Thats sounds good to me. Which film shall we see? Chris:Â  Lets see Action Man 4. Jean:Â  Id rather not. I dont like violent films. How about going to Mad Doctor Brown? I hear its quite a funny film. Chris:Â  OK. Lets go see that. When is it on? Jean:Â  Its on at 8 p.m. at the Rex. Shall we have a bite to eat before the film? Chris:Â  Sure, that sounds great. What about going to that new Italian restaurant Michettis? Jean:Â  Great idea! Lets meet there at 6. Chris:Â  OK. Ill see you at Michettis at 6. Bye. Jean:Â  Bye. Chris: See you later! When Jean says, Id rather not. I dont like violent films. How about going to Mad Doctor Brown? I hear its quite a funny film, he is making a suggestion. More Practice Once youve mastered the dialogue above, challenge yourself with some additional role-playing exercises. What suggestions would you make if a friend said to you: Why dont you/we go to the movies tonight?You/we could visit New York while youre/were there.Lets go to the travel agents this afternoon to book our ticket.What about asking your brother for help?How about going to Hawaii for your vacation?I suggest you/we take all the factors into consideration before we decide. Before answering, think about your response. What will you suggest? What related information should you tell your friend? Think about the necessary details, such as time or location. Key Vocabulary If youre being asked to make a decision, that suggestion usually comes in the form of a question. For example: Would you like to...?(What) shall we go...? If someone else has made a decision and they want your opinion, it may be made as a statement instead. For example:Â   Lets go...Why dont we go...How about going...What about going...

Low cost airlines vs legacy carriers in today market it is for a Term Paper

Low cost airlines vs legacy carriers in today market it is for a mircoeconomics class - Term Paper Example What legacy carriers failed to understand in the past is the combined efforts by low cost carriers to introduce cheap tickets and short flights. However, from an economic point of view, this can be explained using economics of scale, many cheap, short flights incur less costs than a few costly, long flights. Therefore, the logic behind the low cost airline strategy is to cut operational costs and increase service revenue (Huse and Evangelho, 2007). With the current economic downturn, the strategy utilized by low cost airlines is finally beginning to take shape, the executive decisions to hem down costs by engaging in short haul flights are reducing costs by a big margin, resulting in the ultimate profitability of the industry. In the current market, the influx in online booking and the increase in the services offered by an airline have completely changed the airline industry; services like high-seat density, package delivery, flight insurance and baggage charges have served to increase the revenues for low cost airlines. The graph below shows the change in economic niche of legacy carriers and an example of a low cost carrier, Southwest airlines (Adapted from Neal and Kassens-Noor, 2010). This discussion has focused on the cost cutting factors and success of low cost airlines in the industry. Due to this success, some legacy carriers are trying to get in the low cost industry market (Bowerman, 2011). However, the question is; will the market serve both the low cost carriers and revamped legacy airlines? The answer to this question is no, as discussed in the following analysis. The assumption that all carriers will achieve profits if they engage in low cost business is based on the economic principle of ceterus paribus, meaning all things equal (Miller, 2005). However, in the airline industry, not all things are equal, because for the low cost industry to survive there must be legacy carriers against

Case summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case summary - Essay Example The company also focuses on how their human nutrition centre will help the consumer to understand how important improved nutrition products are for their health. The changed environment of the world now focuses on sustainability, health, nutrition, waste management and economic development. Companies such as Walmart have incorporated these elements in their business and the supply chain focuses on shared value. Nestle has to focus on all these elements in order to keep with the expectations. Sourcing at Nestle focuses on shared value concept. Nestle has always planned ahead of time and has been very innovative and socially responsible when it come to producing and sourcing. Not only has Nestle introduced products that were high in nutrition, it has also introduced products that combats certain health conditions. By working with health companies it has come up with "nutraceuticals" that are health foods suitable for people with health conditions like diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease etc. Neslte identified that water is a very valuable resource of the world and it is being wasted by producers. Nestle emphasizes to make producers aware of its value so they use it wisely by improved irrigation systems and other technologies. Nestle identified that they had to contribute back to the society because Nestle is a huge firm and they rely hugely on the ecosystem. Hence if they invest in environment sustainability and social well being, the business is going to benefit. So they adopted CSV. As a food producer, investing in environment and health of people makes business sense because this will in turn give improved quality products at the end. Nestle formed SAI platform which was later joined by a number of companies to produce agricultural products sustainably. Consumer preferences had changed, now consumers were willing to pay more for

Greetings in Brazil Essay Example for Free

Greetings in Brazil Essay Like any southern nation, the Brazilians are very opened, warm and friendly people. They enjoy big companies and are always glad to get together, socialize and discuss the latest events in the country’s political life or talk about national Brazilian passion: soccer. At that, any communication, especially informal, is based on very close and literally fraternal relationships. That is why greeting in Brazil is never limited to saying â€Å"Hello† or â€Å"Good Morning† and always goes far â€Å".. beyond looking and listening, (Flitter, 2007). In an informal environment, men greet each other with a handshake, a strong hug and sometimes a check-kiss. Women always greet each other with a peck-cheek and a warm hug. When people are introduced to each other for the first time, young men and women always greet each other with a peck on each cheek and an embrace. When meeting a group of people, it is very important to make a physical contact with everybody and give a greeting to every single person in the group. Undoubtedly, this free and friendly style of interpersonal communication has a tremendous influence on Brazilian business culture. Before starting certain business activities, it is absolutely essential to establish friendly relationships with your Brazilian partners. In such circumstances, a simple handshake as a greeting is considered to be too formal and conservative. Men can greet each other with a handshake followed by a friendly embrace or back-clapping, and women can give each other a cheek-kiss. It is also considered to be polite to accompany greetings with special expressions. The most popular terms when greeting Brazilian people can be: â€Å"Como Vai? † (How are you? ) or â€Å"Tudo Bem? † (Is everything all right? ). Good friends can use the word â€Å"Oi† (â€Å"Hi†) for greeting each other. When a person is leaving, it is also necessary to give everyone a handshake, a hug or a back-clap accompanied with such expressions as â€Å"Tchau† (â€Å"Good-bye†) or â€Å"Ate logo† (â€Å"See you†). References Flitter, E. (2007, December 12). Touchy Subject: Doing Business Where Hugs Replace Handshakes. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 17, 2008, from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB119799543096137027. html. Profile of Brazil. (1999, September 15). Limiar. Retrieved February 17, 2008, from the World Wide Web: http://www. limiar. org/brazil/profile. html.

A Christmas Carol - character study of Scrooge Essay -- English Litera

A Christmas Carol - character study of Scrooge "A Christmas Carol" â€Å"Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner!† Scrooge is the main character in the novel ‘A Christmas Carol’. At the beginning of the novel he is a brutal, evil, pitiless, cold-hearted man, but subsequent to meeting three spirits, Scrooge regrets his life and decides he needs to alter it. The main theme Charles Dickens conveys through the story is redemption; this is significant especially in the Victorian era, whilst there was an immense gap between the prosperous and the inadequate. Dickens uses Scrooge (a rich, greedy business man) to direct his novel to the very rich people, and to exhibit how money can impede your good judgement. Charles’s life influenced his writing, like in ‘A Christmas Carol’; you can relate his stories to his life. Most of Dickens writing was regarding poverty because at the time he was deprived. He had to work in a factory when he was only twelve and when he was fifteen he was employed in a solicitors office, therefore he empathizes what being a clerk was like, as one of the characters in ‘A Christmas Carol’. Dickens chose to call his story ‘A Christmas Carol’ because carols have some moral background and to teach people a lesson, and that’s exactly what Dickens wanted to do, he wanted people to learn something from reading this novel. Another reason why Dickens called his story ‘A Christmas Carol’ is because it was written at Christmas time. The idea of a song is continued in the structure of the novel because it is divided into staves rather than chapters, which remind us of a song. Dickens incorporates Victorian Christmas traditions into his story, as well as prom... ...y Tim, who fortunately does not die. Scrooge is able to redeem himself by becoming a better person; from cruel and cold-hearted man to a kind loving person. This links back to the idea of the Christianity and redemption and the religious term referring to being saved. I n this case, Scrooge is being saved from dying a lonely, sad, old man. Scrooge’s story relates to society because it people that if a man as bad as Scrooge can change and transform himself for the better , the everyone else can as well then our society would be a much better place for us to live in. The moral lesson that Dickens wants to convey is not to be greedy, don’t let money obstruct your good judgement and money does not buy you happiness. Another lesson Dickens wants to teach his reader’s is that even if you haven’t been good all your life just like Scrooge you could also change.

Depression, symptoms of depression Essay

Depression is a psychological condition that changes how you think, feel, and it also affects your social behavior and sense of physical wellness. I can make you feel low self esteem and can cause self-depreciation. Depression is not feeling sad occasionally, it is a constant feeling of sadness that stays with you. If not treated it can affect the way you act, feel, and the way you think. It can also cause you to be more pessimistic towards family members, or friends. Depression is one of the most common psychological problems. It affects nearly everyone through either personal experiences or through depression in a family member. Every year about 17 million American adults experience a period of clinical depression. Depression has often lead to suicide in many untreated cases. Depression can affect everyone. Most people who seek medical attention for depression are treated and cured successfully. Although most people do seek professional help, not all do, which may cause physical illness to that person. It can cause loss of appetite, changes in sleeping habits. It can also cause you to lose interest in things that you once like to do (sports, friends, being outdoors.) The symptoms are not recognized as depression. Most people who are depressed appear lazy or tired. Most people who are depressed do not realize it themselves, but they do feel a change in themselves, that often they do not tell others about. The underlying cause is less often examined. The causes of depression can be many things. Past trauma, financial problems, peer pressure, relationship problems, death in the family, and stress, are some of the more common causes of depression. Depression in younger children is usually caused by bad family life or divorce. The part of the brain that effects emotions such as depression is the Frontal Lobe. The Frontal lobe is found in the area around the forehead. The mental symptoms of depression are difficulty in concentrating, slowed thinking, and indecisiveness. A depressed person may be easily distracted and memory may be impaired. In some serious cases depression may be related to psychosis, which means that they lose touch with reality. For example they may experience hallucinations or claim to â€Å"hear voices† in their head. This serious of a depression may also be known as bi-polar disorder. People with depression often experience changes in thinking. This means that people will have problems concentrating or decision making. They might also have short term memory, or forget things all the time. Most depressed people have negative thoughts about themselves (harming themselves or others). Pessimism, poor self-esteem, excessive guilt, and self criticism are also symptoms. A person who is depressed may have changes in the way they feel. They may feel sad for no reason at all, some people that have depression say that they no longer find and interest in the activities that they once loved. Irritability is also a symptom of depression; a person may seem more irritated with every little thing than usual. Eating disorders may also occur during depression. For example, not eating enough, or eating a lot more. People who are around a depressed person can often tell that there is something wrong because of the way the person acts, or their behavior. Depression is very common among teenagers. Teenagers tend to have more problems with their parents during their teen years. This can cause depression. They may also be faced with serious peer pressure which can overwhelm them and make them become depressed. As the amount of teenagers who are depressed rises, so does the number of suicides in teens. Clinical studies have proven that teen depression almost always leads to thoughts of suicide. The number one cause of teen suicide is untreated depression, which is why it is important to get treatment if you recognize any symptoms in a teen. Treatment is mandatory for serious cases of depression. The first step to becoming cured is to evaluate the type of depression that is occurring, once that is done you must determine what type of depression it is. Psychologists ask people with depression when the first time the started feeling depressed, how severe it is, and if you have had signs of depression before in your lifetime. There are two cures for depression, psychotherapy, and anti-depressant medication. Most people do well when treated with psychotherapy, but medication works faster than psychotherapy. Some people require psychotherapy along with medication. The down side to medication is that it doesn’t  Ã¢â‚¬Å"cure† depression, it only treats the symptoms of it. To manage depression you must first identify the feelings that you have. Once you have done that you must put these feelings into perspective and focus on the positive things in your life instead of dwelling on past problems. These steps are not always easy for people to follow. People who dwell on past traumas almost always become depressed. In conclusion depression is a treatable disease that is cause by many different things. The fact that depression is a serious disease is not taken seriously enough in society today. People who are suspicious that a person may be depressed should contact someone about it as soon as possible before it leads to suicide.

Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK

The market in which organisations find themselves is continually changing. On the other hand, trade and investments are growing rapidly and overtaking the world output and there is increasing integration of the world economy. Multilateralism is constantly threatening and regionalism is stronger in Europe, Asia and America than ever before. This continuous structural change in world economies indicates the variations in the relative size of each sector which can be seen in terms of changes in output, employment and productivity. ECONOMY STRUCTURESEconomies can be divided into three categories: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. The primary economy includes all activities related to the extraction of natural resources e. g. mining, farming etc. The secondary economy includes activities related to the production of goods and processing of materials which have manufacturing as its major component. It also includes the construction sector and utilities sector. The tertiary sector includes b oth the private and public services such financial industry, health, defence and other services related sectors. http://tutor2u. net/business/gcse/external_environment_economic_sectors. tm accessed on 31st November 2009. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN Industry is defined as a group of firms producing similar products with boundary of an industry determined by a gap in the chain of substitutes. All sectors of the economy can be referred to as an industry but emphasis lay with the secondary sector which is widely regarded as the manufacturing sector. Roger Cox (2009) Concerns have been raised over the competitiveness and continued decline of Britain’s manufacturing base. This de-industrialisation has continually raised questions whether it can seriously damage the country’s wealth.The concerns about manufacturing have been reflected in trends in various statistical indicators especially the shift away from manufacturing towards services, the productivity gap between B ritain and its major international competitors. Malcolm Sawyer (2009) clearly stated that the value of manufacturing output in Britain has continued to rise slowly in the last half century, but the share of manufacturing in the total output is what has declined not the absolute amount. DE-INDUSTRIALISATION IN BRITAIN The trade balance in manufactured goods moved into deficit in 1983 for the first time since the Industrial revolution of the early 90’s.This could be attributed to the gradual movement of the economy from manufacturing to more service-oriented economies. This experience is not unique to Britain alone, over the period 1970 to 1990, the share of manufacturing in the national output declined in all major industrial nations while that of services increased. By 1990, the share of manufacturing in the GDP among major economies had declined with Britain coming sixth behind Japan, Germany, USA, and France. Mark C. & Corri F. (1998) De-industrialisation can be viewed in a number of ways: ?The decline in employment, in both absolute and relative terms. The decline in the share of national output contributed by the sector. ?The decline in the country’s share of world manufacturing output or exports. ?The failure due to poor export performance or increased import penetration to generate sufficient export to finance a full employment level of imports. Office for National Statistics ONS figures for the last quarter of 2008 shows a decline of 10. 4% lower than the figures from the previous year with output decreasing in 12 out of 13 sub-sectors. Significant decreases were recorded in the metal industries, transport industries and in machinery and equipments industries 11. 4%, 10. % and 9. 8% respectively. http://www. fundstrategy. co. uk/news/british-manufacturing-slumps/182454. article accessed 25th of November 2009. In Britain, the fall in the demand for labour is associated with a reduction in output until 1987 and probably a rise in the wage le vel relative to the price of other factors. The decline in manufacturing employment means that its share of total employment has also declined over that period of time with employment in the service industry sector growing at a faster rate. A growth rate of over 7% was recorded in the 1980’s in the service sector with manufacturing falling by over 20%.Shares of world trade in manufactures and deindustrialisation. (%) 195019601970197919901991 France9. 99. 68. 710. 59. 710 Germany7. 319. 319. 820. 920. 220 Japan3. 46. 911. 713. 715. 917 UK25. 516. 510. 89. 18. 69 USA27. 321. 618. 616. 016. 018 Office for National Statistics (1991), Monthly review of External Trade statistics. London Manufacturing’s problems began with the misguided notion that Britain should become a â€Å"post-industrial† economy: that we would focus on services and the creation of ideas, with other nations taking on the less attractive task of making the finished product.The results speak for th emselves. Manufacturing now generates just 13% of GDP, compared with 32% in 1970. John Rose, http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3&hid=11&[email  protected]&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bth&AN=35824528 accessed on 22 November 2009. In the period 1980 to 2000, the manufacturing base in Britain was on a steady decline. Government argued that the reducing contribution made by the manufacturing towards GDP will be made up for by the service industry but further researches shows that the assumption was misjudged.Figures show deficits on goods moving from +? 1. 3 billion to -? 30. 4 billion creating a ? 31. 7 billion deficit not covered by the service industry. This Industrial decline was accelerated by increased competition from cheaper imports and the outsourcing to low cost economies which saw a free fall in different high profile companies closing down, downsizing or relocating to low cost economies. http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3&hid=11&[email  p rotected]&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bth&AN=35457939 accessed on 26th November 2009.John S & Mark S (2004) clearly states that the deindustrialisation in Britain has not being affecting the whole of the manufacturing sector, certain sectors mainly instruments and electrical engineering industries has witnessed a tremendous rise in production and they are among the fastest growing in the economy but industries like the metal industries have witnessed a substantial decline in their productivity. EMPLOYMENT FIGURES WITHIN THE INDUSTRIES This sector underwent a significant growth in the early 80’s in the EU during the post industrial phase of economic development.The doubts about manufacturing sector have been shown in various indicators with the shift to more service-oriented sector taking prominence. It has been argued that the decline in Britain’s manufacturing sector should not be a cause for concern but rather the offset of expansion of other sectors of the economy especially the Service industry. The service sector witnessed a rapid increase in employment with the financial sector gaining rapidly on the manufacturing sector. In 1971, the workforce in the manufacturing industry has shrunk by around 4 million with the service industry recording a growth of around 3. million. By 1994, while about 46 million people where employed in the manufacturing sector, about 55 million and 28 million people where employed in the private and public services sector respectively representing about 64% of the total employment figure within the EU. Andrew Taylor of financial times reported that over a century beginning from the first production in 1907 to 2007, the manufacturing sector employment figures has fallen from 7 million to 3 million while women not account to 23% compared to the 25% at the onset.The mining sector used to account for about three-quarters of the employment with figures about 837,000 but now employs around 10,000 accounting for j ust around 1% of the employment figures. The aerospace industry, a section of the service industry which was non-existent at the beginning of the century now employs about 100,000. Mark C. & Corri F. (1998) http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? vid=5&hid=9&[email  protected] accessed 1st December 2009.SERVICE SECTOR GROWTH IN BRITAIN In the post industrialisation era in EU, economies including the UK witness a boom in the service sector with significant growth in the financial services sector and the aerospace industries. Between 1979 and 1993, there was a rise from 7 to 13 percentages in service sector employment rate. In more recent surveys, the services industry across banking to airliners has shown growth rates in February that represent a five month high, as companies have raised their prices.This is a positive sign that suggests that the predicted slowdown as espoused by the Bank of England has yet to materialize. The Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply revealed tha t index prices are up by 1. 5 percent since September 2007 whilst the report also indicated that the economy has maintained its current momentum. http://www. investmentmarkets. co. uk/20080305-1705. html accessed on 23rd of November, 2009. The measurement of service industry depends on the way it is defined, either value or volume wise. Outsourcing has been a major component in promoting service sector.Manufacturing companies outsources most of its functions like finances, design and other little services to focus on its core competencies and all this in turn increases activities within the service industry and the employment figures reducing its manufacturing counterpart in correspondence. The rise of services is due also to changing economies within the EU, limited competitiveness of traditional industrial production. Financial Times. (2009) AEROSPACE INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN The UK aerospace industry (UKAI) remains one of the most successful sectors of UK manufacturing.In 2003, the UK AI accounted for 0. 6 percent of UK gross value added (GVA) and four percent of value added by the UK’s manufacturing industry as a whole. The UKAI is also one of the UK’s major export sectors, generating a trade surplus of just over ? 2. 5 billion in 2003, compared with manufacturing overall, which had a trade deficit. The UKAI provides direct and indirect employment in the UK for around 255,000 people. Although productivity levels in the UKAI are generally higher than the UK average, they Remain disappointing when compared to the industry’s main international competitors.However, there are signs that UKAI productivity growth is beginning to outpace these competitors. There are also evidences to suggest that there will be a further challenge for The UKAI as competition from emerging economies is growing. The growth of the United Kingdom aerospace industry illustrates the changing trends in globalisation, industrialisation and service delivery. From a virtually non-existent sector around a century ago, the UKAI has grown so much in the last twenty years and captured about 10% of the world market in aerospace and accounted for just over 4% of UK anufactured output and directly contributed just over ? 5. 5 billion to UK gross value added (GVA)1 in 2002. In 2003, the UKAI directly employed just fewer than 122,000 people, 0. 4% of total UK employment and 3% of total manufacturing employment. An additional 150,000 people have been estimated to be indirectly employed by the industry.UKAI productivity was ? 54,000 per head in 2001, 50% higher than the UK average and 35 percent higher than for manufacturing as a whole. http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmtrdind/151/151. df accessed 27th November 2009. ANALYSIS OF THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SECTORS A steady growth rate has been recorded in the service industry while the contribution to the overall GDP from the manufacturing industry has witnessed a steady decline in t he last few decades. This has been well documented from various researches carried out but a serious questions still arises from the performance of the service sector and its long term sustainability and effect on the economy.David Liston asked â€Å"what will the services industry be servicing if there is no hardware? The first priority should be to stop treating manufacturing as a relic of the industrial revolution. High-value-added manufacturing brings huge benefits. It penetrates the economy of the entire country, not just London and the south-east. It pays well but avoids bewildering distortions of income. It drives and enables a broad range of skills and stimulates the growth of services. In short, it creates wealth. Curmen P et. al (1997) The UK manufacturing sector continues to decline and the subsequent loss of exports has not been replaced by revenue from the service sector as the government had originally thought.At the same time, the ownership of UK companies by foreign ers is increasing and UK companies are continuing to relocate some of their labour intensive operations to low cost economies. The cost of compensating employees who are made redundant when a company in the UK closes is one of the lowest in the European Union. So for multi-national companies with surplus capacity, the UK factories may be selected for closure. There is also a tendency for companies to consolidate research and development in their home country with the consequence that it is lost from the UK.This decline in manufacturing was triggered by some factors: ?Changes in manufacturing and materials technology and consumption patterns which affected a lot of steel, coal ship-building and power generation industries. ?Obsolete and redundant plants and inadequate investment and financial assistance to replace them. ?Diverse and intense competition from low wage nations and newly industrialised economies. ?Resistance to change at all levels of production from management to trade unions. Adverse effect of Government policies both fiscal and monetary on industries. Particularly in high interest rates and fluctuating exchange rates. With David Liston’s question in mind and the fact that service industry has not been able to replace manufacturing industries effectively producing a cushioning effect for the drop in its GDP contribution slump which is evident by the facts below: ?The interdependence on manufacturing industry as shown in the case of the aerospace, further reduction in manufacturing output will adversely affect services output also. Technical progress in manufacturing offers greater prospects of high-wage jobs able to raise standards compared to part-time low wage in the services industry. ?For each 1% decline in export of Britain’s manufacture, an excess of 2. 5% rise in export in required in services to complement the effect. Some policies which cut across all concerned parties from Government to private market solutions have been f ormulated to help halt the decline in manufacturing. Some of which include: ? Britain’s macroeconomic and industrial policy Improved management in the industrial sector ?A reform of Britain’s institutions ?Greater accumulation of both human and physical capital ?Improved innovation to accommodate mechanisation http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? vid=5&hid=9&[email  protected] accessed on 1st of December 2009. CONCLUSION Divergent analysis from various stakeholders shows the variable effect of manufacturing and service delivery on the national income of Britain. A steady decline in manufacturing was evident and it coincided with the boom

Violence & Peace essays

Violence & Peace essays In most peoples opinion non- violence is the best way to solve a problem. The strange thing is that when the time comes to solve a certain problem, violence is used. Violence is not the best way to solve a problem. In this reflection the main topics are problems where violence is commonly present such as wars and in school, and for those problems there are nonviolent solutions such as using the method of A.R.C. (alternative resolution of conflicts), which includes negotiating. Sarajevo instead of finding other ways to solve their problems they chose violence. Many civilians got hurt because of the shelling and also because the military wanted to make the government regret whatever decision they took. As a consequence of war, shelling, killing, darkness, and hunger continued in Sarajevo therefore civilians suffered. Schindlers List clearly shows the effects of World War IIs Holocaust. It also shows how people wouldnt care to negotiate with people who were different from them and how they recurred to violence to solve their problems. For thirty years families were separated because of the political conflicts between Russia and the Allies. As a result of this political conflict Russia built the Berlin Wall, which separated itself from the other three powers for thirty long years. The Berlin Wall finally fell in 1989 and no longer were these families disunited again but this occurred because the other countries protested non-violently against Russia asking and persisting for the fall of this wall. During the time that this wall was standing, people would get shot when they tried to cross to the eastern side. As a country that was loosing its people, violent actions were taken to solve the problem of immigrations such as building a wall and shooting those who would try to cross the wall. Not only can violence be present in wars and among adults, but also violence is present among us. Every day there are ...

Are We Too Dependent on Technology

Imagine if we were to wake up tomorrow with all electronic devices disabled. Everybody’s life would be impacted in one way or another. We would lose what has become the largest portal for communication. We would also lose countless information that has been stored on computers. There is no denying that technology is going to continue to grow; and impact every aspect of our lives. But the question is if we are becoming too reliant on something that can quickly disappear. We very well could be at risk of losing it all very soon. I will discuss what could cause this change to happen. I will also go over how I believe our dependence on technology is growing. Earth’s magnetic field protects us from most of the suns radiation and other harmful effects. However, the sun is a very powerful force that can cause sudden intense outbursts of energy that are called solar flares. If a very powerful solar flare where to strike Earth it could cause serious effects to our power grid. If we have no power grid, we have lost all of our electronic devices that we count on so much. Solar flares usually impact us the most on an eleven year cycle. The most recent time solar activity peaked was in 2001, and caused widespread radio blackouts in the pacific. The newest cycle of solar activity had begun in late 2007, a year earlier than expected. Scientists say it will peak in 2012 and be between thirty to fifty percent more intense than the one in 2001. With the next one being hypothesized as so much more intense, I believe that it’s time we have a backup plan to accommodate a life without technology. A lot of people believe that we are not too dependent on technology. I spoke to my brother; he stated we just utilize it like we would automobiles or anything else like that. There is no denying the benefits of technology, however, I believe we should not get ahead of ourselves. Over the last fifty years our civilization has changed dramatically. Communication with friends and family has become as easy as the click of the mouse. Also we have saved countless trees by using electronic mail instead of paper mail. I agree that it is in our best interest to continue to use technology in the future. However, I feel that we all should get into the mindset of having a contingency plan in case we lose it. It is hard to go anywhere now days without interacting with a computer. A lot of jobs now require that you fill out applications on the internet. It has also become crucial that you have basic computer skills to be employed in any office setting. In 1994 only 3% of public schools had internet access. In just over ten years in 2005 that number had jumped to 94% of all public schools now having internet access. (US Department of Education) This just goes to show how fast technology is really growing. I feel that we are way to acceptant of something new and need to realize the repercussions before jumping right in. So many people rely on technology in their everyday lives. It could be from using your cell phone for an alarm clock, to setting a flight plan for a commercial flight. If we were to lose all of this, I believe that we would all be left in discontent. I believe that now is the time to slow down a little bit and gain a view of where we are heading. The way that I see it technology is going to continue to grow at a rapid pace. Everybody always wants the next coolest or fastest thing on the market. If you stop to realize how much our lives have changed in the last fifteen years. You can only imagine what our daily activities will be like another fifteen years from now. I believe the one thing that will remain the same in that fifteen years will be our dependence on technology. That is unless we do realize that we need to keep our advancements in check. I believe that a new potentially life changing technology should be closely analyzed before being released to the general public. If we don’t fully realize the potential effects of a new technology, we could be faced with unexpected consequences. Although I welcome change and enjoy using new devices myself, I feel that I too would be lost if I were to lose it all. For that very reason I think that we as a civilization need to realize the potential effects if it were all gone. Are We Too Dependent on Technology Imagine if we were to wake up tomorrow with all electronic devices disabled. Everybody’s life would be impacted in one way or another. We would lose what has become the largest portal for communication. We would also lose countless information that has been stored on computers. There is no denying that technology is going to continue to grow; and impact every aspect of our lives. But the question is if we are becoming too reliant on something that can quickly disappear. We very well could be at risk of losing it all very soon. I will discuss what could cause this change to happen. I will also go over how I believe our dependence on technology is growing. Earth’s magnetic field protects us from most of the suns radiation and other harmful effects. However, the sun is a very powerful force that can cause sudden intense outbursts of energy that are called solar flares. If a very powerful solar flare where to strike Earth it could cause serious effects to our power grid. If we have no power grid, we have lost all of our electronic devices that we count on so much. Solar flares usually impact us the most on an eleven year cycle. The most recent time solar activity peaked was in 2001, and caused widespread radio blackouts in the pacific. The newest cycle of solar activity had begun in late 2007, a year earlier than expected. Scientists say it will peak in 2012 and be between thirty to fifty percent more intense than the one in 2001. With the next one being hypothesized as so much more intense, I believe that it’s time we have a backup plan to accommodate a life without technology. A lot of people believe that we are not too dependent on technology. I spoke to my brother; he stated we just utilize it like we would automobiles or anything else like that. There is no denying the benefits of technology, however, I believe we should not get ahead of ourselves. Over the last fifty years our civilization has changed dramatically. Communication with friends and family has become as easy as the click of the mouse. Also we have saved countless trees by using electronic mail instead of paper mail. I agree that it is in our best interest to continue to use technology in the future. However, I feel that we all should get into the mindset of having a contingency plan in case we lose it. It is hard to go anywhere now days without interacting with a computer. A lot of jobs now require that you fill out applications on the internet. It has also become crucial that you have basic computer skills to be employed in any office setting. In 1994 only 3% of public schools had internet access. In just over ten years in 2005 that number had jumped to 94% of all public schools now having internet access. (US Department of Education) This just goes to show how fast technology is really growing. I feel that we are way to acceptant of something new and need to realize the repercussions before jumping right in. So many people rely on technology in their everyday lives. It could be from using your cell phone for an alarm clock, to setting a flight plan for a commercial flight. If we were to lose all of this, I believe that we would all be left in discontent. I believe that now is the time to slow down a little bit and gain a view of where we are heading. The way that I see it technology is going to continue to grow at a rapid pace. Everybody always wants the next coolest or fastest thing on the market. If you stop to realize how much our lives have changed in the last fifteen years. You can only imagine what our daily activities will be like another fifteen years from now. I believe the one thing that will remain the same in that fifteen years will be our dependence on technology. That is unless we do realize that we need to keep our advancements in check. I believe that a new potentially life changing technology should be closely analyzed before being released to the general public. If we don’t fully realize the potential effects of a new technology, we could be faced with unexpected consequences. Although I welcome change and enjoy using new devices myself, I feel that I too would be lost if I were to lose it all. For that very reason I think that we as a civilization need to realize the potential effects if it were all gone.

Comparative Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparative Corporate Governance - Essay Example There are several causes that have been cited for the crisis, including the conflicts of interests of Board members and auditors. (Deakin and Konzelmann, 2003:583). But the most relevant one that has been offered is the inherent defects in the shareholder model that the Company had adopted. This model focuses on maximization of shareholder value to the exclusion of other strategic corporate interests. The other major corporate governance model – Rhineland Model, on the other hand, is known as the stakeholder model because it is less susceptible to the kind of financial crisis that afflicted Enron due to the financial manipulation that was taking place. This essay will examine the proposition that the Enron financial scandal might not have occurred if the Company had implemented the Rhineland model rather than the Anglo Saxon model. The Anglo Saxon system of corporate governance places its emphasis upon â€Å"free market operation†, where the ultimate objective of organizational function is the achievement of shareholder value.(Berghe and deRidder, 1999:40). The German system which is based on the Rhineland Model, is much more concerned with a â€Å"socially corrected market economy.†(Berghe and deRidder, 1999:40). This Model attributes a much wider role to the corporation than the maximization of shareholder value. Attention is also directed to other stakeholders in the corporation in terms of objectives, criteria for performance as well as the corporate governance structure and processes. The basic assumption of the Rhineland model is that both labor and capital are necessary and cooperation between the two is important. As a result, it is not only the interests of the shareholders that will be of paramount importance, but also those of employees, customers and suppliers (Vitols:337). When there is a conflict of interest, the interests of the enterprise will take precedence over the interests of shareholders. Hence, the major difference