Pregnancy Discrimination Act Essay - 1521 Words

I. Introduction With the rise of the modern age economic survival has become difficult for families based on a single income. This economic need along with modern attitudes toward gender equality has resulted in women being represented in the workforce in greater numbers. However, until the 1960’s women faced severe discrimination when trying to enter and maintain a position in the workforce. Often qualified women would be passed over for men with less experience and education. Employers were fearful that women were too emotional and were not equipped to handle the stress of the work environment. Also driving the decision to not hire or promote women was the concern over the additional health care expenses and leave time pregnant†¦show more content†¦Within the Civil Right act was a section entitled Title VII which was created specifically to deal with matters of employment. Title VII’s objective is to prevent discrimination based upon a person’s color, national origin, gender, and religion in regards to all aspects of employment. This protection begins with the initial stages of hiring and training employees and extends up to promotions and dismissals of an employees. If a person belonged to one of the groups outlined by Title VII they became classified as a member of a protected class. (Bohlander and Snell, 101) With the establishment of sex as a protected class the foundation of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act had been laid but it would take fourteen years before pregnancy itself would become protected. The need for the new law to be established began with the conflicting outcomes coming from the various levels of the court system. The courts disagreed on what constituted sex discrimination. Six different United States Courts of Appeals had ruled in favor of pregnant women saying that any employment act that would adversely affect a pregnant woman was sex discrimination as outlined by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Supporting this position was the view of the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission who also agreed that discrimination based on a pregnancy would be considered sex discrimination. However, the United States Supreme Court would change all of that with its ruling in two separate courtShow MoreRelatedPregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978983 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 Michelle C. Nelson Strayer University: Human Resource Management - BUS310002016*201004 Instructor: Carol G. Durst-Wertheim, Ph.D. Abstract The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 is an amendment to the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. Under the act, an employer cannot lawfully refuse to hire a womanRead MoreThe Equal Opportunity Within A Work Place, The Pregnancy Discrimination Act Of The 1964 Civil Rights Act Essay2201 Words   |  9 Pageswill discuss the Equal Opportunity within a work place, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, Privacy Polices within a work place, and Sexual Harassment within a workplace. Equal Opportunity Laws Title VII The first aspect of Human Resource that will be addressed is equal opportunity and the laws that provide for it. There were several equal opportunity laws enacted from 1964 to 1991. The first of these was Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act which states that â€Å"an employer cannot discriminate on theRead MorePregnancy Discrimination Act1510 Words   |  7 Pagesunequal pay, sexual harassment, and promotion issues. One particular challenge women face is the fundamental right to have a family, which includes the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. Managers in every organization should be familiar with this important act and the associated legal issues. In this paper, I will discuss the Pregnancy Discrimination Act by reviewing the history, presenting the employers and employees perspective, and I will conclude with suggestions for all managers and employers. HistoryRead MoreWomen Of The Civil Rights Act Of 19641481 Words   |  6 PagesRights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C.  §Ã‚ § 2000e et seq. (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) This act is very well-known, prohibiting harassment in the workplace and discrimination. A few years later, on October 31, 1978, President Jimmy Carter signed the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, an amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, into effect. Prohibiting sex discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions. (Occupational Safety Health Guide Series Discrimination LawRead MoreEqual Opportunity Laws Title Vii Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesVII The first aspect of Human Resource that will be addressed is equal opportunity and the laws that go along with it. There were several equal opportunity laws enacted from 1964 to 1991. 2 The first of these was Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act which states that â€Å"an employer cannot discriminate on the basis of race, col or, religion, sex, or national original with respect to employment† (Dessler, 2013). 3 Title VII applies to employers with 15 or more employees, including state and local governmentsRead MoreEthical Behavior Can Be Defined As Business Principals Essay1178 Words   |  5 Pagesfalsifying reports, stealing, poor working environments, illegal trading and employee discrimination. With the growing number of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) complaints, this analysis will focus on pregnancy discrimination. In 2007, Peggy Young filed a lawsuit against United Parcel Service, Inc. (UPS) alleging her unfair treatment due to her pregnancy is in violation of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act 1978 (PDA), Young states that UPS refusing to accommodate her lifting restrictionsRead MoreAllen Vs. Isotoner Case Brief Essays1029 Words   |  5 PagesPractices Act, as amended by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, prohibits an employer from discriminating against a female employee because of or on the basis of lactation. Relevant law associated includes whether Allen established a prima facie case of â€Å"sex discrimination on the basis of pregnancy,† or whether she â€Å"was simply and plainly terminated as an employee at will for taking an unauthorized, extra break.† Allen’s original complaint was termination attributable to discrimination, based onRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesmade up of almost half of the employed population but still made of a low percentage of high-ranking jobs. Even though more women were starting to obtain better jobs, they began to suffer from pay discrimination. A law called The Equal Pay of 1963 was passed to protect women from facing pay discrimination, but still did not stop companies from paying women less than men. In 1970, women with the same jobs as men were only paid about 55 percent of men’s pay. Similarly working married women and/or womenRead MoreWomen and the Workplace: Pregnancy Discrimination in the United States3082 Words   |  13 PagesWomen and the workplace: Pregnancy Discrimination in the United States I. Abstract With an increasing number of women entering the workforce, pregnancy discrimination has become a pervasive problem. This paper, which focuses on the United States (US), thus considers the underlying reasons and impacts of this biasness from the perspectives of both employee and employer. It then follows with a study on the legal protections in place to prevent such behaviour. And lastly, it will analyse variousRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Female Athletes2133 Words   |  9 Pagesathletes are afraid of losing their scholarships so they either hide their pregnancy or even have abortions. In 2006 a Clemson athlete found out she was pregnant and was afraid to talk to her coach so she confided in her administrator. The administrator told her if her coach found out she would lose everything, and possible wouldn’t be able to receive her scholarship back. The athlete remembers signing a team document stating; â€Å"Pregnancy resulting in the inability to compete and positively contrib ute to

Sins of the Marketplace Free Essays

The sin of Dalton Is the sin of selling you more than you really want to buy. The electronic stores are the worst sinners of the marketplace. They induce you into buying add-ions, such as expansive power-bars or cables, and extended warranty. We will write a custom essay sample on Sins of the Marketplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the times you don’t need them or could have bought less expensive items that have the same quality. The sin of addition Is a commonly used tactic called: â€Å"packing the deal† and It’s where the profit is made. The sin of omission: The sin of omission could be committed when you sign an Insurance policy. A vendor, who has reason to know or suspect adverse prior medical history for you, does not tell you the details that will disqualify you from getting compensation. To close the deal and make money, companies only look at your ability to pay. This tactic Is called: â€Å"Post Claim underwriting†. They will Walt until you file a claim before spending money to confirm that the fine prints have disqualified you. The sin of creation: The sin of creation is committed when a company creates a need that induces you to buy a product you would never have thought you would need. The best example to Illustrate this Is the need for antibacterial soap. Impasses have made us believe that regular soap does not kill germs as well as antibacterial soap. Well, tests done in laboratories have proven that this belief is wrong and even that it can harm us because It can weaken our natural defenses. The sin of salvation: When a company says that, if you buy its product, you will be cured of whatever condition you might suffer from, you are witnessing the sin of salvation. So beware, they will try to get at you through: persuasive testimonials, * sketchy scientists * and paranoid peddlers who will pretend that doctors don’t prescribe this product cause they are afraid of losing their lucrative business Conclusion: As a conclusion, use your common sense, do a lot of research and read the fine prints before signing any contract Doing this, you’ll avoid failing for one of the marketplace’s sins. For businesses will always try to reach into your pocket by using addition, omission, creation, salvation, assurance, persuasion and deception. Questions: -What is for you the biggest sin of the marketplace? -Have you ever been victim of any of these? * Do you think that, as consumers, we have a responsibility in the fact that businesses are using these practices? How to cite Sins of the Marketplace, Papers

Radicalism of American Revolut Essay Example For Students

Radicalism of American Revolut Essay By: Robert Smith Radicalism of the American Revolution By Gordon S. Wood Gordon Woods Radicalism of the American Revolution is a book that extensively covers the origin and ideas preceding the American Revolution. Woods account of the Revolution goes beyond the history and timeline of the war and offers a new encompassing look inside the social ideology and economic forces of the war. Wood explains in his book that America went through a two-stage progression to break away from the Monarchical rule of the English. He believes the pioneering revolutionaries were rooted in the belief of an American Republic. However, it was the radical acceptance of democracy that was the final step toward independence. The transformation between becoming a Republic, to ultimately becoming a democracy, is where Woods evaluation of the revolution differs from other historians. He contributes such a transformation to the social and economic factors that faced the colonists. While Gordon Wood creates a persuasive argument in his book, he does however neglect to consider other contributing factors of the revolution. It is these neglected factors that provide opportunity for criticism of his book. The overall feeling one gets from reading Woods book is that republicanism was not a radical concept to the American colonists. Wood believed the American colonists had a deep- rooted concept of Republicanism that existed before revolutionary ideas were conceived. The idea of republicanism could be seen in the colonial belief in independence and self-sacrifice. These principles were the founding forces that led to the beginning of the revolution. Wood would seem to believe that these founding forces Smith pg.2 were not as radical as the transformation to democratic thought. It is here that Wood points out the uncontrollable social and economic forces that leads republican thought to the progression of democracy. Wood believes the revolution was meant for the elite (gentlemen) and not for the colonists themselves. It is the colonist self-motivated social and economic interests, which leads to the transformation they had been yearning for. Wood contributes several different social and economic factors to the transformation. The first social factor that led to the reformation was the colonist self-interest. The colonist self-interest seemed to conflict with principles of republicanism. The self-interest of the colonists led to capitalistic traits, while the republican idea of self-sacrifice was put on the back burner. It was natural for the colonists to want to advance their social and economic standards to that of the elite. The problem being republican virtues had to be sacrificed to gain individual prominence. Social factors played an important role in the transformation from a monarchy to a democracy. However, there were also economic factors that played an intricate role. One such economic force was trade interaction among the colonists. People became independent on one another for their lively hood. Through inner-commerce people began to share the same interests and the same goals. This was a change from previous republican views on trade. People became inherently dependent on one another instead of being dependent on the government. At this point in history you can begin to see the social ties of Americans grow stronger. Wood writes on the changing economy of the early 19th century, America suddenly emerged a prosperous, scrambling, enterprising society not because of the constitution was created or because a few leaders formed a Smith pg.3 national bank, but because ordinary people, hundreds of thousands of them began working harder to make money and get ahead.(Wood 325). It is economic factors such as this one that will be the driving force, which bonds Americans together in the early 19th century. .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f , .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f .postImageUrl , .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f , .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f:hover , .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f:visited , .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f:active { border:0!important; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f:active , .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a0a0472264a9e17744243226942544f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Overpopulation Essay Wood builds his argument by supporting his claims with personal accounts as well as using documents of that time period. It is pieces of evidence such as these that gives Wood a particular insight into the revolution. This insight at first glance would be hard to deny. However, Woods lack of concrete evidence gives historians a chance to critique his account. Wood seems to place a lot of confidence on individual historical accounts of the revolution. Not only does he rely on these individual accounts, but the people he relies on fall under the same race, gender, and social class. Barbara Clark Smith, a curator at the Smithsonian when Woods book was published, comments on Woods narrow-minded accounts, .to a striking extent Wood keeps the Revolution in the hands of the elite. It is not simply that elite and privileged sources are the ones Wood generally cites, the ones whose opinions he trusts. (Smith 3). As Smith points out the problem with relying on limited sources when writing a book is the one-sided story you almost always get. Smith later points out in her review that Wood not only relies on a limited source base, but he also neglects to mention other racial and gender forces that played an important role in the revolution. Smith writes on Woods absent account to abolish slavery, Woods revolution takes too much credit. It slights the agency of those who did struggle to end slavery and makes it difficult to comprehend or even credit those who opposed Smith pg.4 abolition. (Smith 5). As Smith points out there are obvious neglecting aspects to Woods book. It is important to note that Woods intent on leaving out such forces is to get at the overall ideas and ideologies behind the revolution, and not so much the individual players of the revolution. The next problem with Woods account is his dereliction to include traditional forces, which played an intricate part of the revolution. Wood neglects to mention the series of acts and events such as the Boston Tea Party as a driving force for the revolutionary movement. As Smith points out only twenty of the 369 pages is dedicated to the actual revolutionary struggle (Smith 3). Once again Wood is trying to range his text to include forces that span before and after the revolution. Wood, rather than rely on the importance of fighting the revolution, cites changes both socially and economically to get at the deeper importance of the American Revolution. Wood furthers his neglect on traditional forces by depersonalizing the heroism that personifies the struggle of the American Revolution. Take for instance the painting done by John Trumbull, which depicts the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at the Battle of Yorktown. Trumbull depicts the American soldiers as proud, and paints the American flag as bright and waving. A painting such as this one reminds us of the struggle to gain independence as well as the triumphant victory against British forces. When reading Woods book it is hard to get a feeling of what the people were like during the Revolution. Wood takes his book and moves the revolution into the hands of a mass movement, instead focusing on individual accomplishments. While this may give Woods book some claim of legitimacy, I feel it is equally important to note individual Smith pg.5 accomplishments during the Revolution. For instance in Woods history of the Revolution, there is no evidence of Paul Reveres existence. As David Fischer points out in his book Paul Reveres Ride, Revere played a significant role in the saving of lives and has since become an American hero. Fischer makes the claim that it might have been the single-handed effort of Paul Revere that turned the tide in favor of America during the Revolution. Revere is not the only hero that has been left out of the Wood text. Countless other individual efforts by men such as, George Washington, Sam Adams, and Thomas Jefferson, all have been neglected. .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 , .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 .postImageUrl , .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 , .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4:hover , .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4:visited , .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4:active { border:0!important; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4:active , .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4 .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua331a8d8243639d4a806502b724264a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frankenstein and Morality Essay Despite, the fact that these men have been recognized throughout history as playing important roles in the Revolution, Wood does not seem to find their personal accomplishments worthy enough for his book. Woods attempt to depersonalize the war was successful. However, I feel it was this successful attempt that led Woods book to have a dehumanizing effect on the Revolution. I believe that Woods book could have been better had he mentioned at least some of the traditional forces that were significant during the Revolution. I do not feel that Woods book can stand on its own. It takes notation of such heros as Paul Revere to make the history of the American Revolution complete. Perhaps if Wood could have combined his social and economic forces with those of traditional forces his book would have a better claim on legitimacy. Gordon Wood gives an interesting insight into the Revolution. Overall, I find Woods argument to be persuasive and refreshing. There is little doubt that the forces that Wood proclaims as significant in his history of the Revolution are important. However, it is this same concentration on non-traditional forces that leads to my criticism of his book. Smith pg. 6 Wood should not have focused entirely on his commonly overlooked social and economic forces. Instead, he should have combined his insight along with the insight of other traditional forces to give his book a well-rounded theory behind the American Revolution. Word Count: 1498